Assistant Professor · HGSC · Baylor College of Medicine

Christopher M.
Grochowski, PhD

I trained with Dr. James R. Lupski at Baylor College of Medicine, completing my PhD and postdoctoral fellowship in Molecular and Human Genetics. As part of the NIH-funded GREGoR consortium, I contribute to accelerating gene discovery for undiagnosed rare diseases through deep phenotyping and whole-genome sequencing. Through the SMaHT Network, I investigate somatic mosaicism across human tissues and its implications for human health and disease.

Christopher Grochowski

What I Work On

Research

My work addresses the mutational mechanisms that generate complex structural variation in the human genome and the clinical consequences of that variation in rare genetic diseases and somatic mosaicism.

Somatic Mosaicism & SMaHT

Investigating genetic variability in the mosaic state across human tissues and its implications for human health, as part of the NIH-funded Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues (SMaHT) consortium.

Complex Genomic Rearrangements

Characterizing CGR formation mechanisms — inverted triplications, chromothripsis, chromoanasynthesis — using long-read sequencing and optical genome mapping. Key mechanisms: FoSTeS/MMBIR, NAHR, NHEJ, AAMR.

Rare Disease Genomics (GREGoR)

Accelerating gene discovery for undiagnosed rare conditions through deep phenotyping, whole-genome sequencing, and functional genomics as part of the GREGoR consortium.

Peer-Reviewed Work

Publications

  1. 2025

    GREGoR: accelerating genomics for rare diseases

    Dawood M, Heavner B, Wheeler MM, … Grochowski CM (Consortium Authorship) … GREGoR Consortium

    Nature. 2025 Nov;647(8089):331–342.

  2. 2025

    Whole-genome sequencing reveals individual and cohort level insights into chromosome 9p syndromes

    Wang Y, Sams EI, … Posey JE, Grochowski CM, … Turner TN

    Genome Medicine. 2025 Oct 24;17(1):129.

  3. 2025

    Structural variants: mechanisms, mapping, and interpretation in human genetics

    Pande S, Dawood M, Grochowski CM

    Genes. 2025 Aug;16(8):905.

  4. 2025

    The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network

    Coorens THH, … Grochowski CM (Consortium Authorship) … SMaHT Network

    Nature. 2025 Jan 9;643(8070):47–59.

  5. 2025

    Genome-wide maps of highly-similar intrachromosomal repeats that can mediate ectopic recombination in three human genome assemblies

    Fernandez-Luna L, Aguilar-Perez C, Grochowski CM, Mehaffey MG, Carvalho CMB, & Gonzaga-Jauregui C

    HGG Advances. 2025;6(2):100396.

  6. 2025

    Genomic Balancing Act: deciphering DNA rearrangements in the complex chromosomal aberration involving 5p15.2, 2q31.1, and 18q21.32

    Dardas Z, Marafi D, … Grochowski CM, … Lupski JR

    European Journal of Human Genetics. 2025 Mar;33(2):231–238.

  7. 2024

    Structural variant allelic heterogeneity in MECP2 duplication syndrome provides insight into clinical severity and variability of disease expression

    Pehlivan D, Bengtsson JD, Bajikar SS, Grochowski CM, … Carvalho CMB

    Genome Medicine. 2024 Dec 18;16(1):146.

  8. 2024

    Leveraging the T2T assembly to resolve rare and pathogenic inversions in reference genome gaps

    Bilgrav Saether K, Eisfeldt J, … Grochowski CM, … Lindstrand A

    Genome Research. 2024 Nov 20;34(11):1785–1797.

  9. 2024

    Inverted triplications formed by iterative template switches generate structural variant diversity at genomic disorder loci

    Grochowski CM, Bengtsson JD, Du H, Gandhi M, Lun MY, Mehaffey MG, Park K, Höps W, Benito E, Hasenfeld P, Korbel JO, Mahmoud M, Paulin LF, Jhangiani SN, Hwang JP, Bhamidipati SV, Muzny DM, Fatih JM, Gibbs RA, Pendleton M, Harrington E, Juul S, Lindstrand A, Sedlazeck FJ, Pehlivan D, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB

    Cell Genomics. 2024 Jul 10;4(7):100590.

  10. 2024

    Validation of Single-Nucleotide Mosaic Variants Through Droplet Digital PCR

    Grochowski CM, Gibbs RA, Doddapaneni H

    Current Protocols. 2024 May;4(5):e1041.

  11. 2024

    Detection of mosaic and population-level structural variants with Sniffles2

    Smolka M, Paulin LF, Grochowski CM, Horner DW, Mahmoud M, Behera S, … Sedlazeck FJ

    Nature Biotechnology. 2024 Jan 2.

  12. 2024

    HMZDupFinder: a robust computational approach for detecting intragenic homozygous duplications from exome sequencing data

    Du H, Dardas Z, Jolly A, Grochowski CM, … Lupski JR

    Nucleic Acids Research. 2024;52(4):e18.

  13. 2023

    Biallelic variants in ADAMTS15 cause a novel form of distal arthrogryposis

    Boschann F, Cogulu O, Pehlivan D, … Grochowski CM, … Schmidt J

    Genetics in Medicine. 2023 May;25(5):100799.

  14. 2022

    Complex genomic rearrangements: an underestimated cause of rare diseases

    Schuy J, Grochowski CM, Carvalho CMB, Lindstrand A

    Trends in Genetics. 2022;38(11):1134–1146.

  15. 2022

    The multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) phenomenon presents with peri-zygotic DNA mutational signatures and multilocus pathogenic variation

    Du H*, Jolly A*, Grochowski CM*, Yuan B, Dawood M, … Liu P

    Genome Medicine. 2022;14(1):122. *Equal contribution

  16. 2021

    Chromothriptic event implicates a de novo pericentric and multiple paracentric inversions in a single chromosome causing Coffin-Siris Syndrome

    Grochowski CM, Krepischi ACV, Eisfeldt J, Du H, Bertola DR, Oliveira D, Costa SS, Lupski JR, Lindstrand A & Carvalho CMB

    Frontiers in Genetics. 2021;12:1478.

  17. 2020

    Cytogenetically visible inversions are formed by multiple molecular mechanisms

    Pettersson M*, Grochowski CM*, Wincent J, Eisfeldt J, Breman AM, Cheung SW, … Lindstrand A. *Equal contribution

    Human Mutation. 2020;41(11):1979–1998.

  18. 2019

    Paralog Studies Augment Gene Discovery: DDX and DHX Genes

    Paine I*, Posey JE*, Grochowski CM, Jhangiani SN, … Lupski JR. *Equal contribution

    American Journal of Human Genetics. 2019;105(2):302–316.

  19. 2018

    Marker chromosome genomic structure and temporal origin implicate a chromoanasynthesis event in a family with pleiotropic psychiatric phenotypes

    Grochowski CM, Gu S, Yuan B, Tcw J, Brennand KJ, Sebat J, Malhotra D, McCarthy S, Rudolph U, Lindstrand A, Chong Z, Levy DL, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB

    Human Mutation. 2018;39(7):939–946.

  20. 2016

    Jagged1 (JAG1): Structure, Expression, and Disease Associations

    Grochowski CM, Loomes KM & Spinner NB

    Gene. 2016;576(1):381–384.

  21. 2014

    Exome sequencing reveals compound heterozygous mutations in ATP8B1 in a JAG1/NOTCH2 mutation-negative patient with clinically diagnosed Alagille syndrome

    Grochowski CM, Rajagopalan R, Falsey AM, Loomes KM, Piccoli DA, Krantz ID, Devoto M & Spinner NB

    American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 2014;167(4):891–893.

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